Getting around Japan

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Japan is renowned for its efficient, reliable, and punctual public transportation system, making it an ideal destination for travellers. Whether you’re navigating the bustling streets of Tokyo or exploring the serene temples of Kyoto, understanding the various transportation options can greatly enhance your travel experience.

This guide will cover everything you need to know about getting around Japan, whether you’re a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveller.

Domestic flights in Japan

For long-distance travel, domestic flights are a quick alternative to trains, especially for reaching the islands of Okinawa or Hokkaido. Major carriers include Japan Airlines (JAL) and All Nippon Airways (ANA), along with budget airlines like Peach Aviation and Jetstar Japan.

Major airports like Narita, Haneda (Tokyo), and Kansai (Osaka) are well-connected to city centers via express trains and buses. Look for special fares for foreign tourists, these discounts are often cheaper than regular tickets.

Public transport in Japan

Public transport is an essential and efficient means of getting around Japan, offering accessible and cost-effective travel options for people in urban and rural areas alike.

Shinkansen (Bullet Trains)

The Shinkansen, or bullet trains, are the pride of Japan’s railway system. These high-speed trains connect major cities like Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima. With speeds reaching up to 320 km/h (200 mph), they offer a quick and comfortable way to travel long distances.

The primary lines include:

• Tokaido Shinkansen: Connects Tokyo with Kyoto and Osaka.
• Sanyo Shinkansen: Extends from Osaka to Fukuoka.
• Tohoku Shinkansen: Runs from Tokyo to the northern city of Aomori.

Tips for rail travel:

• Tickets and passes: For tourists, the Japan Rail Pass (JR Pass) is an economical option, offering unlimited travel on JR trains, including Shinkansen (except Nozomi and Mizuho trains) for 7, 14, or 21 days.
• Reservations: While not always necessary, reserving seats during peak travel seasons is recommended to ensure a smooth journey.

Local and regional trains

Japan’s local and regional trains are equally impressive, offering punctual and efficient services within cities and between smaller towns.

Key lines in major cities include:

• Yamanote Line (Tokyo): A circular line connecting major districts.
• Osaka Loop Line: Encircles central Osaka, linking key areas.

Cards like Suica and Pasmo can be used for easy payment on most trains, buses, and even at convenience stores.

Buses

While trains and subways dominate urban transportation, buses are essential for reaching areas not serviced by rail, especially in rural regions and smaller towns. There are also long-distance highway buses connecting major cities, often at a lower cost than Shinkansen.

• City buses: Major cities have extensive bus networks. In cities like Kyoto, buses are often the best way to reach certain tourist spots.
• Highway buses: For longer journeys, highway buses are a cost-effective alternative to trains. Companies like Willer Express offer comfortable overnight services.
• Regional buses: These connect rural areas and smaller towns that might not be accessible by train.

Subways and Trams

Major cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto have extensive subway networks, making it easy to navigate urban areas. Subways are often the quickest way to travel short distances within cities.

• Tokyo: The Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway networks cover nearly every part of the city. Day passes are available for unlimited travel.
• Osaka: The Osaka Metro is efficient and easy to navigate, with connections to JR lines and other regional trains.
• Trams: Cities like Hiroshima and Nagasaki offer charming tram services, ideal for short-distance travel within city centers.

Taxis and Ride-Sharing

Taxis are widely available and can be hailed on the street or booked via apps like JapanTaxi. While more expensive than public transport, they offer convenience, especially late at night or in less accessible areas. Taxi fares are metered, with additional charges for late-night rides and tolls. Services like Uber are available but less common than in other countries.

Scooter hire

Hiring a scooter in Japan can be a fun and flexible way to explore cities and rural areas at your own pace. However, it requires an international driving permit (IDP) and familiarity with Japan’s road rules, as driving can be challenging due to narrow streets and different traffic patterns.

Bicycles

Cycling is a popular and eco-friendly way to explore cities and rural areas alike. Many cities have bike rental services and dedicated cycling paths. Companies like Docomo Bike Share provide convenient rental services in cities like Tokyo and Osaka. Always wear a helmet, obey traffic laws, and use designated bike lanes where available.

Tips for getting around Japan

• Utilise IC cards: Purchase a rechargeable IC card like Suica or Pasmo, which can be used on trains, buses, subways, and even at convenience stores across Japan. These cards make travel seamless and eliminate the need to buy individual tickets for each journey.
• Leverage the Japan Rail Pass: If you’re travelling long distances or exploring multiple cities, the Japan Rail Pass offers significant savings. It allows unlimited travel on JR trains, including Shinkansen, and is available exclusively to foreign tourists.
• Learn basic travel etiquette: Respect local customs when using public transport. Keep your phone on silent, avoid eating on trains, and offer your seat to the elderly or those in need. Quietness and politeness are highly valued.
• Download essential apps: Apps like HyperDia or Google Maps are invaluable for navigating Japan’s complex transportation networks. They provide real-time train schedules, routes, and even platform information, ensuring you don’t miss a connection.

Conclusion

Getting around Japan is an enjoyable experience, thanks to its world-class transport systems. Whether you’re speeding through the countryside on a Shinkansen, exploring cities by subway, or cycling through scenic routes, Japan’s transport network makes every journey a part of the adventure. Plan ahead, travel smart, and immerse yourself in the beauty and efficiency of Japanese travel.